Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Middle East: An Overview

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Several risk factors contribute to HCC development such as chronic hepatitis B (HBV)- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Other common liver disorders include hemochromatosis, hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, and aflatoxin hepatotoxicity.