Radiation Emission from Patients Treated with Holmium-166 Radioembolization

Abstract Purpose To assess the radiation exposure to individuals coming from patients after treatment with holmium-166 ( 166 Ho) microspheres. Materials and Methods Holmium-166 radioembolization (RE) with escalating whole-liver doses of 20 Gy, 40 Gy, 60 Gy, and 80 Gy was administered to 15 patients. Exposure rates (μSv/h) from patients were measured at 1.0 m distance from a lateral and frontal position at 0, 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours after infusion. The total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) to a maximally exposed contact was calculated in accordance with guidelines of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Results were extrapolated to a whole-liver dose of 60 Gy used in future treatments. Results The median exposure rate at discharge, 48 hours after infusion, measured from a lateral position was 26 μSv/h (range, 7–45 μSv/h). Extrapolated to a whole-liver dose of 60 Gy, none of the exposure rates for the NRC contact scenario, at any time, frontal or lateral, would lead to a TEDE > 5 mSv; all patients may be released directly after treatment. Release after 6 hours is possible without contact restrictions for patients who received up to 7 GBq. Conclusions The TEDE to a contact of patients treated with 166 Ho RE would not exceed the NRC limit of 5 mSv. Contact restrictions 6 hours after treatment are unnecessary for infused activities