Biological Selenium Nano-particles Modify Immune Responses of Macrophages Exposed to Bladder Tumor Antigens

Biological nanoparticles are considered to improve treatment with the least negative complications. Selenium nanoparticles have been used to treat diseases such as pathogenic infections and cancers. In this study, the effect of selenium nanoparticles on macrophage responses was evaluated. Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized biologically by Lactobacillus Plantarum and confirmed through TEM and SEM microscopy, EDX, and XRD characterizations. Macrophage cells were cultured and treated only with selenium nanoparticles and in combination with the bladder tumor lysate. Moreover, tumor lysate only was used as the other group. The genes expression of IFN-γ, IL-27, IL-12, and MHC-I was assessed by real-time PCR method. The production levels of IFN-γ and IL-27 cytokines were evaluated by ELISA assay. Selenium nanoparticles in combination with the tumor lysate increased the genes expression of IFN-γ, IL-27, IL-12, and MHC-I after 24 h and 48 h of treatment. Also, IFN-γ and IL-27 production was increased in the group treated with selenium nanoparticles in combination with the tumor lysate after 48 h and 72 h of treatment. The highest effect of selenium nanoparticles was observed after 48 and 72 h of treatment in the genes expression and cytokines production, respectively. Therefore, the optimum effect of selenium nanoparticle acts as a treatment dependent-manner.