On the quantum-limit of the noise temperature in balanced correlation receivers

Recent results for the cross-correlation signal of a newly proposed balanced correlation receiver at 1.5 μm pointed towards a possible bypassing of the standard quantum limit for the receiver noise-temperature hν⁄k in cross-correlation by a factor of 4-6. The only radiation source strong enough for a clear hot-cold measurement was a heavily attenuated fiber-coupled superluminant LED (SLED), because a multi-mode fiber-coupled thermal halogen lamp was difficult to control in polarization due to its weakness when coupled to a single-mode fiber. This peculiarity left some doubts regarding a possible “strange” quantum-mechanical behavior of the signal light from the SLED. Here we want to present the concept for more convincing measurements using a true thermal signal source.