An estimate of the economic burden of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in the United Kingdom

AbstractPregnancy is associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency beyond that of the general population. The aim of the current analysis was to synthesize the current evidence on the dose–outcome relationship of vitamin D/serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and complications during pregnancy. An additional aim was to estimate the economic burden attributable to inadequate levels of serum 25-OHD. Published literature on the effects of vitamin D supplementation/serum 25-OHD on pregnancy complications, including randomized control trials and non-interventional studies, was searched in bibliographic databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus and EMBASE. A positive and significant treatment effect was obtained for pre-eclampsia (OR = 0.75 95% CI 0.662–0.843), but not for preterm birth (OR = 0.783, 95% CI 0.49–1.251) or small for gestational age (OR = 0.76 95% CI 0.38–1.28). Inadequate vitamin D accounted for 14.04% of risk for pre-eclampsia. It is estimated that addressing vitamin D inadequ...