A Comprehensive Study of SARS-CoV-2:From 2019-nCoV to COVID-19 Outbreak

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious pneumonia that has spread throughout the world It is caused by a novel, single stranded RNA virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Genetic analysis revealed that, phylogenetically, the SARS-CoV-2 is related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like viruses seen in bats Because of this, bats are considered as a possible primary reservoir The World Health Organization has declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic As of May 27, 2020, more than 5,406,282 confirmed cases, and 343,562 confirmed deaths have been reported worldwide Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available against COVID-19 Newly developed vaccines are in the first stage of clinical trials, and it may take a few months to a few years for their commercialization At present, remdesivir and chloroquine are the promising drugs for treating COVID-19 patients In this review, we summarize the diversity, genetic variations, primary reservoirs, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and future prospects with respect to controlling the spread of COVID-19