A cosmogenic nuclide chronology of Cordilleran Ice Sheet configuration during the Last Glacial Maximum in the northern Alexander Archipelago, Alaska

Abstract. The late-Pleistocene history of the coastal Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) remains relatively unstudied compared to chronologies of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Yet accurate reconstructions of CIS extent and timing of ice retreat along the Pacific Coast are essential for a variety of reasons including paleoclimate modeling, assessing meltwater contribution to the North Pacific, and determining the availability of ice-free land along the coastal CIS margin for human migration from Beringia into the Americas. To improve the chronology of CIS history in the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, we applied 10Be and 36Cl dating to boulders and glacially sculpted bedrock outcrops in areas previously hypothesized to have remained ice-free throughout the local Last Glacial Maximum (lLGM; 20–17 ka). Results indicate that these sites, and more generally the coastal northern Alexander Archipelago, became ice-free by 15.1 ± 0.9 ka (n = 12 boulders; 1 SD). We also provide further age constraints on deglaciation along the southern Alexander Archipelago and combine our new ages with data from two previous studies. We determine that ice retreated from the outer coast of the southern Alexander Archipelago at 16.3 ± 0.8 ka (n = 14 boulders; 1 SD). These results collectively indicate that areas above modern sea level that were previously mapped as glacial refugia were covered by ice during the lLGM until between ~16.3 and 15.1 ka. As no evidence was found for ice-free land during the lLGM, our results suggest that previous ice-sheet reconstructions underestimate the regional maximum CIS extent, and that all ice likely terminated on the continental shelf. Future work should investigate whether presently submerged areas of the continental shelf were ice-free.