Hemangioma endothelial cells in vitro: similarities with fetal endothelial cells

Conclusions: (1) The Line 1-BALB/c surgical metastasis model is a clinically relevant model that can be used to examine novel therapies for malignant disease. (2) Morbidity and mortality are related to the extent of tumor burden. (3) The local intratumoral injection of IL-12 1 GM-CSF microspheres with and without systemic (intraperitoneal) soluble IL-2 provided significant protection from the development of metastatic disease. (4) There was no clinical evidence of systemic toxicity secondary to cytokine-microsphere treatments. We propose that the use of this novel delivery of cytokines will play an important role in neoadjuvant treatment against cancer. Further studies are warranted to examine the mechanisms behind the anti-tumor effects seen with IL-12, GM-CSF, and IL-2.