Tumor heterogenicity: multiple needle biopsies from different lesion sites—key to successful targeted therapy and immunotherapy

Non-specific cytotoxic agents were the tip of the arrow for several years. However, in the past 5 years novel therapies have emerged based on the pharmacogenomics of lung cancer and in specific non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1). Regarding small lung cancer (SCLC) we have data indicated that we could have in the future novel therapies such as immunotherapy, however, we are still awaiting results from several trials (2,3).