Grisel’s syndrome: a comprehensive review with focus on pathogenesis, natural history, and current treatment options

Introduction Grisel’s syndrome (GS) is a rare otolaryngologic condition that involves rotatory subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint in the absence of trauma. Sir Charles Bell was the first to describe this condition in 1830. However, it was named after Pierre Grisel, a French ENT specialist who in 1930 described three such cases in children.