The Resurgence of Bed Bugs in Australia: With Notes on Their Ecology and Control

During the first three years of the 21st century, bed bug numbers in Australia have undergone a dramatic rise. The Department of Medical Entomology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, has recorded an increase of over 400% in the number of bed bug samples submitted to its pathology service, since the beginning of 2001. Over the last four years, the pest control industry has noted a major resurgence in the number of bed bug treatments, with one company reporting an increase of almost 700%. The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service has also recorded a similar trend, with a large increase in interceptions over recent years, and the majority of interceptions have been from the luggage of travellers. The resurgence of bed bugs is part of a worldwide trend, although the reasons for the increase have not been scientifically resolved. Many factors are probably contributing to the upsurge, with increasing world travel being suggested as the main cause as the insects are transferred through the movements of travellers. The trade in second-hand furniture, changes in pest management practices, the lack of awareness of bed bugs among pest controllers and health professionals, and other phenomena may all have contributed to the spread and increase in bed bug numbers. A review of this public health pest is provided.