Overall geometry of the structural member initial defect measuring method

The invention discloses a total geometric primary defect measuring method of a structural element, which belongs to the field of defect measurement of structural elements. The method comprises the followings steps that: routine measuring tools, namely an ordinary optical theodolite and a vernier calliper, are adopted; the theodolite is arranged on a tripod, the vertical axis of the theodolite is fixed, and a virtual reference line is positioned around the element by a cross wire intersection point by using a lens barrel rotating around a horizontal axis; and the vernier calliper is used for measuring the distance between an edge of the element at different cross sections of the element and the reference line. The element can be transversely or vertically fixed on the ground without special requirements on the field and element auxiliary fixing devices; the measurement precision is greatly improved; and the method is simple and practical.