Random and localized resistive switching observation in Pt/NiO/Pt

Resistive memory switching devices based on transition metal oxides are now emerging as a candidate for nonvolatile memories. To visualize nano-sized (10 nm to 30 nm in diameter) conducting filamentary paths in the surface of NiO thin films during repetitive switching, current sensing–atomic force microscopy and ultra-thin (<5 nm) Pt films as top electrodes were used. Some areas (or spots), which were assumed to be the beginning of the conducting filaments, appeared (formation) and disappeared (rupture) in a localized and random fashion during the switching and are thought to contribute to resistive memory switching. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)