Development and Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREM) in Home Respiratory Therapies: Oxygen Therapy, CPAP Treatment, Mechanical Ventilation, and Aerosol Therapy

Abstract Introduction Home respiratory therapies (HRT) are treatments aimed at diseases that are generally chronic and that have a significant impact on the biopsychosocial aspects of patients’ lives. No validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and patient-reported experience measures (PREM) are available to assess the impact of these treatments on quality of life (QoL) in HRT. The objective of this work was to identify and validate PROMs and PREMs in HRT. Methods The process was divided into 5 stages: review of the literature, patient interviews, qualitative validation workshops, cognitive validation, and psychometric validation. For the identification of PROM and PREM, consensus techniques were used with patients, caregivers, specialist doctors, and therapists. The evaluation was based on items that were collected from questionnaires on diseases commonly treated with HRT techniques in clinical practice. The psychometric validation was analyzed by a team of psychologists trained in the methodology. Results For the literature review, 20 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After patient interviews, the research team selected 40 PROM items for each treatment from the total of 51 PROM questionnaires found for respiratory diseases. For the validation workshops, the list of selected items had to be reduced to a final number of 15. After the workshops, 8 preliminary questionnaires were drawn up (4 PROMs and 4 PREMs). A second validation round was then held and the questionnaires were modified with the list of PREMs and PROMs resulting from the whole process. The psychometric validation of PROM and PREM questionnaires for each of the therapies consisted of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Overall, 1299 questionnaires answered by 650 patients were obtained. Conclusions A preliminary set of PREMs and PROMs associated with HRT with good reliability indexes was developed: Cronbach's alpha and Composite Reliability Index (CRI). These are questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale that the patient can quickly complete and which provide excellent scores for acceptability, reliability, and validity in psychometric tests. This may offer HRT units a robust basis for better monitoring of patient outcomes and needs and improve healthcare quality and clinical outcomes.