Anammox Process: 7

Today one of the most important environmental problems in the world is the proliferation of wastewater. The nitrogen is an important component that can be found in a wide range of concentrations and chemical forms. In the last decades, the nitrogen cycle has been re-evaluated, thanks to the anammox bacteria discovery. Thus, the application of the anammox microorganisms in the wastewater treatment processes has meant an important technological advancement in the nitrogen removal without requirements of carbon source. In this way, in the present chapter, an in-depth revision about the anammox process involved in autotrophic nitrogen removal technologies have been detailed. Moreover, a deep description of the anammox microorganisms and their role in the nitrogen cycle has been shown.