Associations of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Insomnia with Incident Hypertension and Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

RATIONALE Sleep disorders are associated with hypertension and diabetes, primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. It is important to understand these associations in Hispanics/Latinos, in whom cardiovascular death is the leading cause of mortality. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prospective associations of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and insomnia with incident hypertension and diabetes among US Hispanics/Latinos over 6 years of follow-up and to assess potential gender differences in these associations. METHODS Data from 11,623 Hispanic/Latino participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (Visit 1: 2008-2011; Visit 2: 2014-2017) were analyzed using survey logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SDB (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5) and insomnia (Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale ≥ 9) were measured at baseline. Incident hypertension (≥ Stage 2) and diabetes were defined according to national guidelines. In the target population, 52.6% were female with mean age 41.1 ± 14.9 years at baseline. SDB was associated with a 1.54 higher adjusted odds of incident hypertension (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.18, 2.00]) and 1.37 higher odds of incident diabetes (95% CI [1.07, 1.75]) compared to no SDB. Insomnia was associated with incident hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.37; 95% CI [1.11, 1.69]), but not diabetes. The association between insomnia and incident hypertension was stronger among men than women. CONCLUSIONS SDB was associated with incident hypertension and diabetes. Insomnia was associated with incident hypertension. These findings support the importance of sleep disorders as modifiable targets for disease prevention and reduction.