Vitamin D in Gambian children with discordant tuberculosis (TB) infection status despite matched TB exposure: a case control study

Using a matched case-control design conducted at MRC Gambia in 2015, we measured vitamin D levels in pairs of asymptomatic children with discordant tuberculin skin test status despite the same sleeping proximity to the same adult TB index case. Median ages of groups (infected; 10.0 years, uninfected 8.8 years) were not significantly different; p= 0.13. Mean vitamin D levels were 2.05ng/mL (95% CI -0.288 to 4.38) higher in 24 highly TB-exposed uninfected children compared with 24 matched highly TB-Exposed infected children (p=0.08). The findings warrant further investigation in larger studies to understand the implications and significance. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were higher in TB-uninfected children compared with TB-infected despite equal high exposure to a TB case.