Levels of airborne biological agents and related factors in indoor environments of fish toxicity laboratory

ABSTRACTIn this study, we evaluated the levels of airborne biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi, endotoxin, and (1→3)-β-d-glucan in university fish toxicity laboratory every month for one year and assessed the associated environmental factors. A single-stage viable cascade impactor connected with a pump was used for culturable bacteria and fungi. An analysis of airborne endotoxin and (1→3)-β-d-glucan was performed using kinetic Limulus amebocyte lysate assays. Levels of culturable bacteria and fungi were the highest in summer, whereas levels of endotoxin and (1→3)-β-d-glucan were the highest in winter and spring, respectively. Human activity was correlated with culturable bacteria and fungi, and culturable fungi were also associated with culturable bacteria. Although additional studies based on advanced analyzing technology are required, simultaneous sampling with biomarkers of bacteria is required to further elucidate the characteristics of biological agents.