Correlation between efficiency and device characterization in MAPbI3-xClx standard perovskite solar cells

Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained exceptional attention in photovoltaic fields with an attractive yield of 25%. Characterization tools present as an important means that would help define optimized treatment parameters at an early stage of device manufacturing, instead of measuring the J (V) curves of complete solar cells. In this work, devices with planar NIP architecture ITO/SnO2/MAPbI3-xClx/HTL/Au were elaborated using one-step deposition method. The effects of annealing temperature of the ETL layer (SnO2) and various materials as an HTL layer have been studied. In parallel, X-ray diffraction, UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence were performed as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy, to analyze the active layer crystallinity, absorption properties and to probe charge transfer between perovskite and interface layers. By varying processing parameters, device efficiency could be raised from 10% up to 13.2%.