Lateral head impacts and protection of the temporal area by bicycle safety helmets

Summary of the Test Results TestNo.HelmetModel*Transfer of Blue Paint(Zygomatic Arch)Transfer of Red Paint(Temporal Bone)SkullFracture Sitting position 1 A X X2B3A X4A X X5A X6BFall simulation 7 A X8B9A10 A X X11 A X X* See Figure 1. Table 2 Comparison of the Temporal Coverage and the Impact Point Location in the Tests with the Snell B95 andCPSC Standard Requirements 20,21 TestNo.Helmet Certification Labels ISO-headform*CPSCTestline†(mm)Snell B95Extent ofProt. Line†(mm)Snell B95Testline†(mm)Most CaudalTemporalHelmet Edge‡(mm)Impact Point‡(mm) Sitting position 1 EN 1078 M 70 34.2 49.2 28 632 EN 1078 E 65 31.2 46.2 0 203 EN 1078; ASTM(F1447–94; 1446–95a)J 68.5 33 48 27 754 EN 1078 J 68.5 33 48 39 695 EN 1078 A 62 29.4 44.4 39 636 EN 1078 E 65 31.2 46.2 0 34Fall simulation 7 EN 1078 M 70 34.2 49.2 20 568 EN 1078 E 65 31.2 46.2 6 449 EN 1078 J 68.5 33 48 21 6810 EN 1078 E 65 31.2 46.2 37 7711 EN 1078 E 65 31.2 46.2 40 80* ISO-headform corresponding to the size of the helmet tested.† Distance between the temporal portion of the line under consideration and the Frankfort plane as described in the standard underconsideration for the ISO-headform size corresponding to the size of the helmet tested.‡ With respect to the Frankfort plane, as measured on the test cadaver.Prot, protection.