Lenalidomide for the Treatment of MDS

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitute a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by bone marrow (BM) failure, dysplasia, and an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [1]. The most prevalent cytogenetic abnormality is a partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, del(5q), which is present in about 15% of cases [2]. Anemia is the predominant cytopenia in the large majority of low-risk MDS cases, being the focus of most therapeutic interventions. It often requires repeated RBC transfusions, leading to potential iron overload.