Skin pigmentation disorders: aetiology, assessment and aesthetic treatment options

There are various types of skin pigmentation disorders, from less severe forms such as freckles, solar lentigines and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, to more severe conditions such as melasma and chloasma. Skin pigmentation disorders are more commonly seen in women due to hormonal factors, and those with darker skin types. Hyperpigmentation is a chronic disorder that can be frustrating for patients and health professionals alike because it is very difficult to treat. Like acne vulgaris, pigmentation disorders can cause significant stress and embarrassment for patients, so understanding the different types of hyperpigmentation and identifying appropriate treatments is vital for aesthetic practitioners. Integrating new treatments, products and protocols will benefit patients as well as aesthetic practices when effective results are achieved. This article will discuss the mechanisms known to be involved in pigment formation, explore various treatment modalities currently available to treat skin pigmenta...