Association of HbA2, HbF and HbS Values in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Kano, Northwest Nigeria

Background Sickle cell disease accounts for over 60% of the world’s major haemoglobinopathies with an estimated 2-3% of Nigerians having HbSS. The aim of this study was to determine the association of hemoglobin levels of A 2 , F and S in sickle cell disease patients. Methodology A total of 140 sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients, aged 1-33 years and 68, age- matched apparently healthy subjects offbeat and HbAS were recruited for the study between January, 2014 and February, 2016. Hemoglobin levels of S, A 2 and F were determined by ion-exchange HPLC. Results: The mean values of HbS, HbA 2 and HbF of 81.14.98%, 2.9  0.81% and 7.2 4.1% in steady state showed no statistically significant differences when compared to 81.88 4.0%, 2.47 0.9% and 7.25  3.66% in vaso-occlusive crisis, respectively (P>0.05).HbF level was significantly higher in HbSS patients (7.2  4.1%) than HbAS (1.9  1.84%) and HbAA (0.56  0.56%) subjects (P˂0.05). HbS and HbF levels showed significant and strong negative relationship (r=-0.87, P=0.000) while HbS and HbA 2 levels showed significant and weak positive relationship(r= 0.27, P= 0.001) but HbA 2 and HbF revealed significant and weak negative relationship (r= -0.31, P= 0.000). Conclusion: SCA patients in steady in state and vaso-occlusive crisis showed no significant differences with respect to HbS, HbA 2 and HbF levels. HbF level is significantly higher in HbSS patients than HbAA and HbASsubjects. However, HbS and HbF levels showed significant and strong negative relationship in SCA. HbS and HbF levels are therefore recommended based on their strong relationship and their relevance in monitoring the progress of patients with sickle cell anemia. Keywords : Association, Hemoglobin’s, Values Sickle Cell Disease.