Real Time in Situ Remote Monitoring for Cladding Modified SMF Integrating Nanocomposite Based Ammonia Sensors Deploying EDFA

The increased deployment of optical fiber sensors along with the development of internet of things has increased the demand for real-time in situ remote monitoring systems in the optical sensing industry. Etched-tapered single-mode optical fiber (ETSMF) sensors coated with polyaniline nanofiber/graphite nanofiber (PANI/GNF) nanocomposites have been developed for the real-time in situ remote monitoring of NH3. In this investigation, the sensors with a reel of SMF with 3 km length were integrated with Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with 15 dB gain. Modification performed on SMF significantly enhanced the interaction between the PANI/GNF sensing layer and the evanescent wave due to the light that propagates from the core layer. The response of the modified fiber sensor to NH3 with different concentrations over the C-band (1535–1565 nm) was investigated. The integration of EDFA into SMF sensors extended the remote monitoring distance. In the C band, the developed sensor showed the response, recovery time, and sensitivity of 59 s, 461 s, and 210, respectively. ETSMF sensors coated with nanocomposite of PANI/GNF exhibit successful remote-sensing performances.