Technologically Enchanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) Analysis of Bangka Tin Slag

Tin smelting industry in Bangka island has the potential to increase the concentration of TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) on the surface. The increase of TENORM in industrial waste i.e. tin slag 1, tin slag 2, tin slag 3 will have an impact on the workers and environment. In this research, concentration activity of TENORM in tin slag has been measured using gamma ray spectrometer HPGe detector. From the measurement result, the average concentration of Th-232 and U-238 series were higher than the limit proposed by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2000. The average of concentration activity of Th-232, Th-228, Ra-226, U-238 and K-40 are respectively 15.443 Bq/kg, 13.337 Bq/kg, 5017 Bq/kg, 6.289 Bq/kg, 8.253 Bq/kg. Radiological parameters such as Radium Equivalent Activity, External Hazard Indices, Absorption Dose and Effective Dose were calculated based on UNSCEAR 2000 report. In this research, Radiological parameters from tin slag are also higher than the maximum limit standard of UNSCEAR 2000. It means that the tin slag is hazardous materials and it will cause radiological effect to the workers.