Topic 1: Behavior-Related Candidate Genes in Japanese Macaques

In Japanese macaques, records of individual behavior and regional differences have been accumulated by long-term observations and are suitable for the analysis of an inherited factor in the background. In humans, various studies have shown the associations between differences in human behavioral traits and genetic polymorphism, and some of the indicated genes have been found to be polymorphic in nonhuman primates. Among candidate genes, two loci, the promoter of monoamine oxidase A (MAOALPR) and an exon of androgen receptor (AR), are polymorphic in Japanese macaques. We genotyped a total of 139 individuals derived from eight regions and elucidated the regional differences of allele frequencies. Furthermore, we genotyped a total of 31 males from four groups from which individual data had been accumulated and analyzed the relationship with individual behavioral characteristics. Three and four alleles were observed in MAOALPR and AR, respectively. Allele frequency was greatly different among the eight regions. The Awajishima group, known as being highly tolerant of each other in the feeding site, was different from the other regions in MAOALPR and AR. Adult male dominance rank was related with genotypes in some groups, but a consistent tendency was not observed. It would be necessary to increase the number of samples and candidate genes in the future. Various perspectives for evaluation of personality should also be considered.