Phosphine production in anaerobic wastewater treatment under tetracycline antibiotic pressure

The influence of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics on phosphine (PH 3 ) production in the anaerobic wastewater treatment was studied. A lab-scale anaerobic baffled reactor with three compartments was employed to simulate this process. The reactor was operated in a TC-absence wastewater and 250 μg/L TC-presence wastewater for three months after a start-up period, respectively. The responses of pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), enzymes activity (dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase), and microbial community were investigated to reveal the effect of TC on PH 3 production. Results suggested that the dehydrogenase (DH) activity, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and COD have positive relationship with PH 3 production, while pH, ORP level and the TP in liquid phase have negative relationship with PH 3 production. With prolonged TC exposure, decrease in pH and increase in DH activity are beneficial to PH 3 production, while decrease in COD and ACP activity are not the limiting factors for PH 3 production.