Association of Urine Findings with Metabolic Syndrome Traits in a Population of Patients with Nephrolithiasis

Background: The odds of nephrolithiasis increase with more metabolic syndrome (met-s) traits. We evaluated associations of metabolic and dietary factors from urine studies and stone composition with met-s traits in a large cohort of stone-forming patients. Methods: Patients >18 years, who were evaluated for stones with 24 h urine collections, July 2009-December 2018, had records reviewed retrospectively. Patient factors, laboratory values and diagnoses were identified within 6 months of urine collection and stone composition within 1 year. Four groups with 0, 1, 2, > 3 met-s traits (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes) were evaluated. Trends across groups were tested using linear contrasts in analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. Results: 1473 patients met inclusion criteria (835 with stone composition). Met-s groups were 0=684, 1=425, 2=211, 3 and 4 =153. There were no differences among groups for urine volume, calcium or ammonium excretion. There was a significant trend (p