Polyploidization and domestication

Crop domestication is the process to domesticate and propagate wild plants into cultivated crops, and its essence is to purposefully preserve the genetic variation information on the genome through artificial selection. Domestication has played an important role in the origin and evolution of human farming civilization, and promoted the sustainable development of human civilization and the rapid progress of society, in which polyploidization is an important direction of crop domestication and improvement. Compared with the diploid ancestor species, polyploid crops often have obvious phenotypic advantages, relatively high biomass and economic yield, stronger resistance, as well as wider environmental adaptability. Important crops such as wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), cotton ( Gossypium spp.), rape ( Brassica napus L.) and potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) have experienced a long evolutionary process, and are comprehensive products of polyploidization and domestication. The evolution and domestication of polyploid crops and the molecular mechanism of important agronomic traits have always been important scientific issues in the field of crop genetics and breeding, which is of great significance for the molecular design and breeding of crops and sustainable development of agriculture.