EVALUATION OF NITRIC OXIDE AND MALONDIALDEHYDE LEVELS IN SERUM OF EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH BLADDER AND RENAL TUMORS: POTENTIAL USE AS MEDICINAL BIOMARKERS

The aim was to investigate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in sera of patients with renal and bladder tumors and to correlate their levels with tumor grade and stage. The study consisted of 50 patients with bladder cancer, 50 renal cancer and 50 controls. NO levels were measured by the Griess reaction method. MDA was measured by the thiobarbituric acid method. Serum NO level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in bladder cancer patients while its level decreased in renal cancer patients (P < 0.001) than controls. The previous observations suggest the over expression of NO enzyme activity in bladder cancer, while its activity is down-regulated by renal cancer. In renal tumor, NO levels were significantly diminished concomitant with advancing grades (P = 0.028). On contrary, NO levels were significantly higher in patients with high grade bladder tumors than moderate grade tumors (P = 0.049). Hence, these findings suggest the utility of NO in inspecting the tumor development as a serum-based biomarker. Moreover, the result demonstrated that, there was significantly increased in MDA level in both bladder (P < 0.001) and renal (P < 0.001) cancer patients compared to the controls, which indicated the appearance of lipid peroxidation due to the cancer oxidative damage. A significant negative correlation was observed between NO and MDA concentrations in the serum of WORL