Quartz microbalance technology for probing biomolecular interactions.

: Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is a useful technique for observing the adsorption of molecules onto a protein-functionalized surface in real time. This technique is based on relating changes in the frequency of a piezoelectric sensor chip, onto which molecules are adsorbing, to changes in mass using the Sauerbrey equation. Here, we outline the cleaning, preparation, and analysis involved in a typical QCM-D experiment, from which one can obtain mass adsorption and kinetic binding information.