Photochemistry and photocuring properties of thiol‐substituted α‐aminoalkylphenone as radical photoinitiator

Thiol-substituted α-aminoalkylphenone was newly developed as a radical photoinitiator. Introduction of the thiol group drastically improved photosensitivity in an alkaline developable resist formulation composed of a prepolymer and a multifunctional acrylate monomer. The improvement in the photocuring speed was explained by a mechanism based on chain transfer reaction of the thiol group. Time-resolved electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy indicated that the thiol group attached to the chromophore does not influence the photochemical process to generate primary radicals. The photoinitiation of α-aminoalkylphenone can be spectrally sensitized by 2,4-diethylthioxanthone (DETX). However, thiol-substituted o-aminoalkylphenone showed smaller spectral sensitization than the corresponding compound without a thiol group. Time resolved laser flash photolysis indicated that the rate constant of the quenching of the triplet state of DETX by thiol-substituted α-aminoalkylphenone is twice as large as that by the corresponding one without a thiol group. This suggests that, besides energy transfer from DETX in the excited triplet state to the o-aminoalkylphenone, the thiol group quenches the excited triplet state of DETX via charge transfer and/or hydrogen transfer, as supported by the ESR analysis using a spin trapping technique, and lowers the efficiency of the spectral sensitization effect.