Media Literacy and Consumption of Media and Advertising in University Students of Pedagogy in Chile

2012 
main aim of this work, based on the results of studies on the mediating role of the media, particularly television, and advertising in different age groups, together with the need to discuss the processes of audiovisual or media lite- racy, was to analyse the patterns of media consumption among students of Pedagogy in Language and Communication, Mathematics, and History and Geography at Chilean universities. The objective was also to deter- mine whether there are differential profiles in the use and consumption of media related to the future role of these profiles in the audiovisual literacy of the students. To do this, a non-random sample was used comprising 881 Pedagogy students of both genders studying at seven universities in southern and central Chile. The «media con- sumption questionnaire» was used for data collection. In general, the distribution of preferences by gender and degree course falls short of representing idiosyncrasy in terms of the media, and reflects outside realities that do not permit participation in citizenry processes to be strengthened in media consumers. In short, the biggest problem is that future teachers do not seem to have the tools that allow them to manage the work of audiovisual literacy since they themselves have difficulties in differentiating between information and persuasion in advertising messages. ABSTRACT (Spanish) Considerando los resultados de estudios sobre el rol mediador de los medios, especialmente la television y la publi- cidad en distintos grupos etarios, sumados a la necesidad de discutir los procesos de alfabetizacion audiovisual o alfa- betizacion mediatica; el principal objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los patrones de consumo de medios en estu- diantes de universidades chilenas y determinar si existen perfiles diferenciales en el uso y consumo de medios que se relacionen con su futuro rol en la alfabetizacion audiovisual de sus estudiantes. Para ello, se considero una mues- tra de tipo intencionado que quedo constituida por 881 estudiantes de pedagogia de ambos sexos que cursaban estu- dios en siete universidades chilenas de la zona sur y central de Chile. Para la recoleccion de datos se utilizo el «cues- tionario de habitos de consumo de medios». En general, la distribucion de las preferencias, tanto a nivel de genero como por carrera, no logra representar mediaticamente la idiosincrasia y refleja realidades ajenas que no permiten fortalecer procesos ciudadanos en los consumidores de los medios. En sintesis, la problematica mayor es que los futuros docentes no parecen contar con herramientas que les permitan enfrentar la labor de alfabetizacion audiovi- sual, dado que ellos mismos presentan dificultades para diferenciar entre la informacion y la persuasion en los men- sajes publicitarios.
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