Integrative Role of 14-3-3ε in Sleep Regulation.

Sleep is a crucial factor for health and survival in all animals. In this study, we found by proteomic analysis that some cancer related proteins were impacted by the circadian clock. The 14-3-3e protein, expression of which is activated by the circadian transcription factor Clock, regulates adult sleep of Drosophila independent of circadian rhythm. Detailed analysis of the sleep regulatory mechanism shows that 14-3-3e directly targets the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene to activate transcription of the pigment dispersing factor (PDF). The dopamine receptor (Dop1R1) and the octopamine receptor (Oamb), are also involved in the 14-3-3e pathway, which in 14-3-3e mutant flies causes increases in the dopR1 and OAMB, while downregulation of the DopR1 and Oamb can restore the sleep phenotype caused by the 14-3-3e mutation. In conclusion, 14-3-3e is necessary for sleep regulation in Drosophila.