Results of irradiation in the squamous cell carcinomas of the anterior faucial pillar-retromolar trigone☆

Abstract Between January 1966 and August 1981, 159 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinomas of the anterior faucial pillar or retromolar trigone received definitive radiation therapy at The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. All except 11 patients were treated by external radiation including combination of electron beams with high-energy photons or 60 to doses raging from 60 Gy to 75 Gy. In the NO patients, as a rule, only the ipsilateral subdigastric nodes were treated electively to a dose of 50 Gy. The 5-year determinate survival rate for the overall group was 83%. The cumulative recurrence rate showed that 92% of the patients had recurrence by 2 years. Therefore, all patients except those who died with no evidence of local disease less than 2 years after treatment were evaluated for local control. The failure rate for the evaluable patients was 29% for T 1 lesions, 30% for T 2 lesions, 24% for T 3 lesions, and 40% for T 4 lesions. After salvage surgery, which consisted of intraoral resection in one-third of the patients and of a composite operation in the other two-thirds, the ultimate failure rate was 0% for T 1 lesions, 6% for T 2 lesions, 8% for T 3 lesions, and 20% for T 4 lesions. Whereas stage was a poor indicator for treatment outcome, there was a significantly higher failure rate for infiltrative and/or ulcerated lesions (35%) than for exophytic or superficial lesions (15%). Histologic grade was of no prognostic significance, nor was there any significant difference in the failure rate for lesions originating on the anterior faucial pillar versus that for lesions on the retromolar trigone. Following radiotherapy, 30% of the patients developed some degree of bone exposure but only 5.6% (9 patients) required a segmental mandibular resection. The probability of bone exposure was not dose related and more likely reflected tumor location on the mucoperiosteum. Of the whole group, 16 patients (10%) experienced a neck failure with 8 ultimate failures after salvage surgery. Among the 16 patients who had neck failures, 13 were originally staged NO; 6 of these patients had failures that occurred in the electively treated ipsilateral subdigastric area, but the field was too small to cover the nodes adequately. Aspects of the radiotherapy techniques with combined electron and photon beams that may influence the treatment outcome are discussed.