Energy saving in carrier-grade networks: A survey

Energy consumption of large-scale networks has become a primary concern in a society increasingly dependent on information technology. Novel solutions that contribute to achieving energy savings in wired networks have been proposed to mitigate ongoing and alarming climate change and global warming. A detailed survey of relevant power-saving approaches in wired networks is presented here. We give a special focus on carrier-grade networks. At first we perform a comprehensive study of communication infrastructures regarding energy saving. Then, we highlight key issues to enable green networks, ranging from network design to network operation. After that, we present the major contributors to power consumption in wireline networks. Afterwards, we survey, classify, and compare the main energy-aware methods and mechanisms that are the most appropriate for improving the energy efficiency of carrier-grade networks.