Multiscale digital twin for particle breakage in milling: From nanoindentation to population balance model

Abstract A multiscale modelling approach to integrate resultful information of particle breakage at distinct scales is presented for quantitative prediction of a milling process. The nanoindentation test of zeolite particles is carried out to provide the deterministic value of mechanical properties, prior to which the Hertz based contact theory is described. The impact pin milling test is made to measure the particle size distribution subject to three rotary speeds. The population balance model composed of selection function and breakage function is developed to predict the varying milling operations based on successful model validation. With the hybrid of theoretical, experimental and numerical avenues, a conceptual multiscale modelling roadmap with complementary strength is proposed. The best available information spanning distinct scales are scoped where the interaction of physical twin and digital twin is highlighted. Global system analysis of the key parameters provides projected confidence in milling performance beyond the existing experimental space.