Integrated monitoring of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Zhejiang province.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of integrated monitoring of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases,providing an integrated monitoring mode of vectors and the related diseases.Methods The integrated monitoring procedures for mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases were tested in two vector monitoring sites.Integrated monitoring was conducted in cities and counties under the collaboration of relevant institutions and personnel.The lamp trap method was used for adult mosquito integrated monitoring from June to October in 2009.Results An executive office was set up under the Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) to deal with the overall coordination.Ningbo CDC completed the integrated monitoring of mosquito density,seasonal fluctuation and mosquito-borne diseases without external aid.Jiande CDC finished the field investigation of the above monitoring,and the laboratory specimen test was performed by the Zhejiang CDC.These accomplishments required extraordinary institutional coordination and a large number of personnel.In 2009,Ningbo reported 48 cases of malaria with an incidence rate of 0.73/105;one case of dengue fever with an incidence rate of 0.02/105;18 cases of Japanese encephalitis(JE) with an incidence rate of 0.28/105;and 1 death with a mortality rate of 5.56%.Jiande reported no cases of malaria,dengue fever and JE.A total of 22 108 mosquitoes were captured in Ningbo,with a density of 9.60/h;and 945 were captured in Jiande,with a density of 4.92/h.Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the predominant species in Ningbo,accounting for more than 90%,followed by Cx.pipiens pallens,where as Aedes albopictus accounted for only 0.14%.In Jiande,Cx.pipiens pallens was predominant,followed by Anopheles sinensis;no Ae.albopictus was captured.Fluorescent PCR detection of 1973 Cx.tritaeniorhynchus in Ningbo showed two positive specimens for JE,with the minimum positive rate of 0.10%.Nested PCR detection of 225 Cx.pipiens pallens in Jiande resulted in negative for yellow virus.Conclusion The integrated monitoring of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases is feasible.It is suggested to strengthen the research with regard to the integrated monitoring,early warning,control strategies and measures of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases.