Shift and Blend: Understanding the hybrid character of computing artefacts on a tool-agent spectrum

In the context of human-agent interaction, we see the emergence of computational artefacts that display hybridity because they can be experienced as tools and agents. In this paper we propose a tool-agent spectrum as an analytical lens that uses 'intention' as a central concept. This spectrum aims to clarify how a computational object can change from being conducive to the intentions of others ('tool') to appearing to have intentions of its own ('agent'), or vice versa. We have applied this analytical lens to unravel people's experiences in two hybrid cases; guide dogs as a living mobility aid for the visually impaired and an experimental wearable object named 'BagSight' as a rudimentary artificial counterpart. We compared both cases through the lens of a tool-agent spectrum and elaborate on these results by discussing some of the principles by which computational artefacts can shift across the spectrum. We conclude by discussing the limitations of this study and provide suggestions for future work.