Method for preparing mesoporous niobium phosphate catalyst and application of mesoporous niobium phosphate catalyst in preparation of isosorbitol from sorbitol

The invention discloses a method for preparing a mesoporous niobium phosphate catalyst and an application of the mesoporous niobium phosphate catalyst in preparation of isosorbitol from sorbitol. The mesoporous niobium phosphate catalyst is synthesized by adopting a soft template surfactant assisted hydrothermal method; with utilization of the catalyst, a sorbitol dehydration reaction can be performed at lower temperature, the conversion rate of sorbitol can reach up to 100%, and the isosorbide selectivity is more than or equal to 50%. The catalyst has the advantages of good stability, easy synthesis, reproducibility, controllable acid amount and the like.