DESALINATION PROCESSES OF THE SEA WATER AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

To answer the water resources availability insufficiency in Algeria, the recourse to the desalination of sea water by thermal or membrane processes RO (Osmosis Reverse)is the solution which has been considered during these last years. Results showed that furring and corrosive precipitations are accentuated in the thermal processes in consequence of variation of water balance calco - carbonic system according to the temperature, pH., the composition of sea water charged in ions chlorides) The saturation index of auxiliary water shows the furring character. The rejected concentrated salt water to sea contains a lot of dissolved quantities in suspension where salinity increased 50g/l and containing acid effluents. The discussions relate to the chemical proportioning, the correction methods of auxiliary water by injection of inhibitor and acidifier, the rejected brines treatment to consider, the desalination effects on the environment, the safeguarding of the ecosystems and the energy control which seems a major tool for environment and sustainable development and the design of new processes based on renewable energies such as a thermal solar.