Characterization of hepatitis B virus DNA integration patterns in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Aim Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration is one of the mechanisms contributing to the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, the status of HBV integration in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the viral integration in HBV-related ICC. Methods The presence of HBV S and C gene in ICCs and the para-tumor tissue was determined by PCR direct sequencing. HBV integration was detected by a high-throughput capture sequencing method (HIVID). The expression analysis of the genes targeted by HBV in ICC was performed in the TCGA dataset. Results HBV S and/or C gene fragments were detected in 71.43% (10/14) ICCs and 57.14% (8/14) para-tumor tissues. By HIVID approach, 139 and 183 HBV integration breakpoints were identified from seven ICC and seven paired para-tumor tissues, respectively. Seven genes (TERT, CEACAM20, SPATA18, TRERF1, ZNF23, LINC01449, and LINC00486) were recurrently targeted by HBV DNA in different ICC tissues or different cell populations of the same tissue. TERT, which is the most preferential HBV target gene in HCC, was found to be repeatedly interrupted by HBV DNA in three different ICC tissues. Based on the TCGA dataset, the TERT, as well as three other HBV recurrently targeted genes (SPATA18, TRERF1, and ZNF23), showed differential expression levels between ICC and para-ICC tissues. Conclusions Taken together, HBV integration is a common event in HBV-related ICC. The HBV recurrent integration genes identified from this study such as TERT provide new clues for further research on the causative link between HBV infection and ICC.