Survival and integration rate of channel catfish and common carp embryos microinjected with DNA at various developmental stages

Abstract Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , and common carp, Cyprinus carpio , were microinjected with DNA at early, intermediate or late one-cell stage, two-cell stage or four-cell stage to determine the most appropriate developmental stage for maximizing the production of transgenic individuals, a product of survival × integration rate. Survival (hatching rate) decreased ( P P > 0.05, r= −0.52) survival in common carp and survival of microinjected common carp embryos was higher ( P