30.1 A Temperature-Robust 27.6nW −65dBm Wakeup Receiver at 9.6GHz X-Band

To achieve the exponential growth needed for a 1-trillion-node Internet of Things (IoT) in the next decade, innovative solutions are required to eliminate recurring battery replacement costs, enable reliable operation in environments with uncontrolled temperatures, and leverage the massive communication infrastructure at multi-GHz frequency bands. Sub-100nW ultra-low-power (ULP) wakeup receivers (WuRx's) promise energy-efficient operation for event-driven applications [1]–[3], but can be susceptible to temperature variation. Until now, sub-100nW WuRx's favor sub-GHz frequencies due to the low quality-factor (Q) of passives at higher frequencies, which limits the WuRx sensitivity [4]–[6]. This practice is a detriment to compatibility with the existing urban communication infrastructure, future 5G links, multi-GHz avionics, and small system antenna size. Temperature-robust, multi-GHz ULP WuRx's can enable self-powered IoT systems with decade-long lifetimes in applications such as wearable electronics, aerial tracking of assets, operations optimization, and smart cities.