Heart rate and daily physical activity with long-duration habitation of the International Space Station.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the pattern of activity and heart rate (HR) during daily living on the International Space Station (ISS) compared to on Earth in 7 long-duration astronauts to test the hypotheses that the HR responses on the ISS would be similar to preflight values, although the pattern of activity would shift to a dominance of arm activity, and postflight HR would be elevated compared to preflight during similar levels of activity. METHODS: HR and ankle and wrist activity collected for 24-h periods before, during, and after spaceflight were divided into night, morning, afternoon, and evening segments. Exercise was excluded and analyzed separately. RESULTS: Consistent with the hypotheses, HR during daily activities on the ISS was unchanged compared to preflight; activity patterns shifted to predominantly arm in space. Contrary to the hypothesis, only night time HR was elevated postflight, although this was very small (+4 +/- 3 bpm compared to preflight). A trend was found for higher postflight HR in the afternoon (+10 +/- 10 bpm) while ankle activity level was not changed (99 +/- 48, 106 +/- 52 counts pre- to postflight, respectively). Astronauts engaged in aerobic exercise 4-8 times/week, 30-50 min/session, on a cycle ergometer and treadmill. Resistance exercise sessions were completed 4-6 times/week for 58 +/- 14 min/session. DISCUSSION: Astronauts on ISS maintained their HR during daily activities; on return to Earth there were only very small increases in HR, suggesting that cardiovascular fitness was maintained to meet the demands of normal daily activities.