Les cardiopathies acquises de l’enfant au centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bouake: etude preliminaire

Objectifs: decrire les principaux aspects epidemiologiques, diagnostiques, therapeutiques et evolutifs des cardiopathies acquises chez l’enfant au CHU de Bouake pour ameliorer leur prise en charge. Materiels et methode: Il s’agissait d’une etude retrospective et descriptive realisee au CHU de Bouake de juillet 2016 a Decembre 2016. Elle a concerne tous les enfants âges de 0 a 15ans diagnostiques d’une cardiopathie acquise a l’examen clinique et a l’echocardiographie. Les variables d’etudes portaient sur les aspects epidemiologiques, diagnostiques, therapeutiques et evolutifs. Resultats: Quarante cas de cardiopathies acquises ont ete identifiees sur la periode de l’etude soit une prevalence hospitaliere de 1,81‰. Cette prevalence etait de 29% lorsqu’on rapporte le nombre de cas au nombre total de cardiopathies sur la periode de l’etude. Toutes les tuniques cardiaques etaient concernees dans des proportions variables et selon l’etiologie : valvulopathies (49% des cas) ; cardiomyopathies (25,5%) et pericardites (24,5%). Il s’agissait surtout d’une insuffisance mitrale rhumatismale (15/40) et d’une pericardite aigue (12/40). Les cardiomyopathies et l’HTA secondaire etait rencontre respectivement dans 3 cas /40 et 5 /40. Le taux de mortalite etait de 14,7%. Conclusion: Le rhumatisme articulaire aigue reste toujours la grande pourvoyeuse de cardiopathies en Afrique sub aharienne. A noter l’emergence de cardiomyopathie chez l’enfant compliquant souvent une HTA secondaire. Mots cles: Enfant, IM, RAA, cardiomyopathie, HTA, Pericardite English Title:  Acquired cardiopathies of the child in the Teaching Hospital of Bouake (Center OH Ivoiry-Coast): preliminary study English Abstract Objective: To describe the main epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and progressive aspects of heart diseases acquired in children at the University Hospital Center of Bouake to improve their care. Materials and method: This was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out at the University Hospital Center of Bouake from July 2016 to December 2016. It concerned  all children aged 0 to 15 years diagnosed with acquired heart diseases, on clinical examination and echocardiography. The study variables covered epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Results: Forty cases of acquired heart diseases were identified during the study period. The hospital prevalence was of 1.81‰. This prevalence was 29% when reporting the number of cases to the total number of heart conditions over the study period. All cardiac tunics were involved in varying proportions and according to etiology: valvulopathy (49% of cases); cardiomyopathy (25.5%) and pericarditis (24.5%). These were mainly rheumatic mitral insufficiency (15/40) and acute pericarditis (12/40). Cardiomyopathy and secondary hypertension were found in 3 cases / 40 and 5/40, respectively. The mortality rate was 14.7% Conclusion: Acute rheumatic fever is still the major provider of heart diseases in sub- Saharan Africa. Note the emergence of cardiomyopathy in children often complicating secondary hypertension. Keywords: Child, mitral insufficiency, acute articular rheumatism, cardiomyopathy, Arterial hypertension, Pericarditis