Theoretical and Practical Considerations in Colo-Rectal Diverticulosis Complicated with Multiple Sigmoido-Recto-Vesical Fistulas

Although there is a complete anatomical separation between urinary and digestive tract, in certain pathological conditions, the direct proximity between the bladder and the sigmoid colon allows the development of entero-vesical fistulas. Colic diverticulosis is the second leading cause of entero-vesical fistulas, after malignancy. Usually, the enterovesical fistula is unique, on a single bowel segment; rarely is multiple, involving different intestinal segments. We present the case of a 41 years old man, with a double fistula: sigmoido-vesical and recto-vesical, respectively. The diagnosis was challenging despite the clinical aspect included pneumaturia and fecaluria. A particular symptom was sexual dysfunction. CT scan and a pelvic MRI revealed the two fistula colo-vesical and recto-vesical. A recto-sigmoid resection with subperitoneal colo-rectal anastomosis and partial cystectomy were performed with uneventful postoperative recovery. Conclusion: The multiple entero-vesical fistulas developed on a single intestinal segment are extremely rare, and, to our knowledge this is the only case reported in the literature. The management is challenging, and in our opinion the resection with anastomosis and partial cystectomy is the best choice.