Bioimpedance technique for fluid status assessment in patients in hemodialysis and peritioneal dialysis patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) substantially increases the risks of death and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fluid overload is a common phenomenon in patients with late-stage CKD and correlate with cardiovascular disease in non- dialysis-dependent patients with CKD stages 4–5, and also in patients with end stage renal disease treated on hemodialysis or peritioneal dialysis. Several observational studies have reported the association between hydration status and poor clinical outcome in dialysis population treated on hemodialysis or peritioneal dialysis. The multifrequency bioimpedance device has been postulate, as an accurate and relative available method to measure the level of overhydration in CKD patients, focusing on the association between overhydration and CVD risk factors.