Protective effects of Erythrina variegata and Spirulina platensis in imidacloprid intoxicated White Leg Horn cockerels

Forty two white leghorn cockerels were divided randomly and equally into six groups viz. I, II, III, IV, V and VI. Group I served as control and other groups were administered as SP @ 0.2% in II, IMI @ 50 PPM in III, SP @ 0.2% plus IMI @ 50 PPM in group IV, EVLP (1%) in group V and EVLP (1%) plus IMI @ 50 PPM in VI, respectively, for 60 days. Grossly, only kidneys and testes showed lesions in group III only. Histopathological changes such as vascular changes, swelling of the glomeruli and hypercellularity of the glomerular capillaries in kidney; vascular changes, vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes throughout the parenchyma and presence of mononuclear cells around congested blood vessels in liver; reduction in size of the seminiferous tubules with a single layer of germinal epithelium in testes and congestion of blood vessels, elongation of neurons, gliosis and satellitosis in brain were observed in IMI treated group. Group VI showed mild pathological lesions while there were no pathological changes in liver, kidney, testes and brain from cockerels of group IV. It was concluded that simultaneous administration of Spirulina platensis (0.2%) and Erythrina variegata (1%) in imidacloprid intoxicated (@50 ppm)white leghorn cockerels in feed for 60 days produced ameliorating effects on the toxic pathology.