Effect of hesperidin on mice bearing Ehrlich solid carcinoma maintained on doxorubicin

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in cancer therapy of many carcinomas types. Unfortunately, DOX is not sufficiently effective in many cases, and increasing the dosage of it is limited due to its systemic toxicity. A citrus flavonoid hesperidin (HES) is proved to be potent antioxidant and protective agent against many diseases including cancer. In this context, the objective of this study was to examine effect of HES along with DOX on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice. Forty male mice were divided into four equal groups (n = 10): control SEC, DOX, HES, and DOX + HES. HES (50 mg/kg body weight orally) was given day after day for 16 days along with DOX (4 mg/kg body weight i.p. injection) for 5 cycles every 4 days in ESC-inoculated mice. After 20 days, tumor volume, tumor weight, survival rate, tumor glutathione, nitric oxide content, and serum glutathione were determined. Tumor tissue was examined for histopathological and immunohistochemical study for p53 and VEGF. Tumor resistance for mdr1a gene was assessed in tumor tissue by RT-PCR. HES induced significant increase in tissue and serum glutathione with significant decrease in tumor volume and tumor weight. A possible role of HES to modulate gene expression of mdr1a in tumor tissue was established. In addition, HES alleviated the histopathological changes with significant decrease in p53 and VEGF expression. The use of HES as adjuvant therapy with DOX would enhance the therapeutic efficacy and alleviate the resistance to DOX in treatment of solid tumors.